Agriculture, as already mentioned, is a broad discipline which covers a broad spectrum of disciplines. It is mainly divided into two main disciplines: Crop husbandry and Animal husbandry.
CROP HUSBANDRY - deals with the various aspects of crops from seed sowing, on field and off-field operations, harvesting, threshing, storage and marketing of the products. It can be further divided into the following main sub-divisions;
I) AGRONOMY
Agronomy is the mother discipline of agriculture and defined as application of plant, soil and related sciences for the improvement, production and use of field crops.
It is a scientific and technology oriented approach towards raising of field crops commercially on profitable grounds and management of soil resources to meet the fundamental requirements of life (food, feed and fibre). It covers the following branches of study;
1) CROP PRODUCTION – deals with the sowing, caring, harvesting and threshing of all types of the crops.
2) CROP PHYSIOLOGY – deals the study of internal processes of the plants.
3) BREEDING – deals crop improvement through selection and hybridization of desired genotypes or phenotypes.
4) FARM MANAGEMENT – deals with the farm management for the maximum farm output through efficient utilization of the inputs. Farm accounts and record keeping are also the parts of farm management.
5) CROP PROTECTION – deals with the management of insect pests, diseases and rodents in the field.
6) WEED SCIENCE – deals with the study and control of undesired plants.
7) SOIL SCIENCE – deals physical and chemical aspects of the soil in relation to the crop health and productivity. The nutrient balance and fertilizer applications are recommended through various studies.
8) FARM MECHANICS – deals with the farm machinery, equipments and implements; their use and maintenance.
9) FARM ECONOMICS – deals with marketing of farm products and keeping a view over the cost-benefit relationship of farm operations.
10) BIOMETRY (BIOSTATISTICS) – deals with the statistical analysis of various aspects of crops like varietal and chemical trials etc. and the effectiveness of particular pesticide against some pest of crop so that this data can be manipulated for useful purposes in the field.
II) HORTICULTURE
Horticulture deals with the various aspects of vegetables, fruits and ornamentals. It includes;
1) OLERICULTURE – deals with the production of vegetables.
2) POMOLOGY – deals with fruit production, orchard laying and their management.
3) FLORICULTURE – deals with growing and maintenance of flower plants for cut flower industry and aesthetic purposes.
4) LANDSCAPING – application of horticulture towards beautification of land through lawn laying and maintenance.
III) FORESTRY
Forestry deals with the forest trees and wild life protection and management. It includes;
1) WOOD PRODUCTION – deals with improvement of various aspects in the forests through which excellent wood production can be achieved. It covers study of forest soils, forest biometrics and resource economics.
2) WOOD TECHNOLOGY – deals with various physical, chemical, anatomical and engineering aspects of wood and wood products. It includes wood processing, manufacturing, finishing, recycling, chemical treatments, modification, marketing and utilizing wood products.
3) WILD LIFE – deals with the protection and conservation of forest birds and animals and creating best facilities for the rehabilitation of the endangered wild life species.
4) RANGE MANAGEMENT – deals with the range land managements.
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